So, I'm going to talk about tips for delivering a meaningful presentation during this short talk. I hope to discuss a few things. 1st is the importance of utilizing learning objectives to create an outline for your talk steps to structure and educational meaningful talk and then how best to facilitate audience engagement. The 1st step is to know your environment and your audience before creating your outline, your learning objectives. It's important to 1, know your presentation topic, but to know your presentation environment throughout your career. You'll be talking in multiple different environments, spanning from scientific sessions at sky, where you'll be speaking on some of the founders of things that we do other national, international meetings. And then all the way down to community events that are directed at your patients and patient families. And so your audience can range from your colleagues, your health staff, your medical students and or nurses and texts and so as such, your format and your language needs to be customized based on who is watching you and who your learners are and what their background is. The learning objectives help you create a framework for your talk, and it's a great opportunity for you to define what you want to teach and what you want your learners to take home. And then, once you create a structure for your presentation, that's based on your objectives, and you can stick to that outline with your slides and your talk. The structural help you stay true to the right amount and right kind of information to help learners get to the end. You want that you have in mind. So, as faculty, you have a specific length of time to make your points and so focus on how to meet the objectives of your presentation in that a lot of time, avoid the trap of creating a presentation and then retrograde writing your learning objectives. So, you want to state these learning objectives clearly at the beginning of your presentation. This can be on a dedicated learning objective side, similar to what I did, or you can present a brief case and then offer 2 to 3 key questions, which are learning objectives for the talk. You can even display this outline to the audience on your slides, and it helps them follow along and remind some of your objectives. And at the end, you can remind them what they learned. All right, so less is more so some danger statements that you hear people saying, I know you can't read this, but dot dot dot or help you a seatbelt because we have a lot to cover. So, these are not ideal statements. I don't think anyone's ever excited when you hear your speaker say this. So, it's not your responsibility to cover everything in this topic. The less you cover, the more your audience will remember and take away from the presentation. If you find that you have to reduce your font side to put the text on a slide, consider that a cue that you're putting too many words on the slide. And then simple things like avoid clashing colors, keep uniformity of fonts and grammar can help learners focus on the content and avoid distractions. Visuals can be a powerful way to capture people's attention, deliver a message and then make key points. They can again, serve as cues to learners for knowledge and memory, and they're almost always be remembered more than any text. But the key to using graphics and visuals is to select images that are simple, benign and readable. Ask yourself if this image or graphic or table will emphasize your message, or will it distract from your key points? Remember in elementary school or middle school, when you learned how to make a PowerPoint presentation and use all the animations you possibly could fit in there on 1 slide? That is not ideal these days. So, you want to keep it as simple as you can. Finally, you want to connect your takeaway points to the learners experiences. So they're useful. So you can kind of frame them in behaviors that people can recognize and replicate. For example, the next time you see a patient with blah, blah, blah, or dealing with this, like we discussed, remember to blah, blah, blah. And then finally, by reducing your slides and making the information on the slide easier to read, you're becoming a more concise presenter. So a little bit more about graphics, so if you want to display a table or figure, I think that's great, but don't do what I did here on the right. So, instead of copying an entire table with so many variables, that's going to take the person minutes to read and decipher and find something that's actually interesting or important for them, make a new 1 with just the relevant data that you want the person to take home. And so when you use these kind of concise graphics and visual to emphasize the points, try to avoid too many on the same slide. So be selective in which graphics you display. Interactive tools, similar to what we're doing today, so presenters can choose to use interactive tools, like an audience response system, and it offers many advantages for presenters. It can improve the attentiveness of the audience, increase knowledge and retention, can track individual responses, allows participants to answer questions anonymously, you can display the results, and most importantly, can create an interactive environment. To effectively use it, you want to consider a few questions. So 1st is how can I use it to involve participants in a meeting way, rather than just causing a distraction? 2nd, is what do I want the key points for my participants to take away again? This can go back to your learning objectives and your outline that you've given the talk. The next is what questions can I use to identify audience knowledge and allow for more in depth discussion. So, again, that's kind of to be tailored to your environment. You know, not every talk you give allows for patient. I'm not patient. Sorry audience responses or discussion. And then last, what questions can I incorporate that will allow the participants to be involved more actively in the session? Again, I think this depends on the type of environment you have, but you always want to inform your audience of what type of engagement tool you're using prior to the start of the presentation and how to use it. You should incorporate a variety of questions, like true false questions or multiple choice questions that can help participant engagement. So you're able to determine their knowledge on a given subject or topic. But be mindful of a time it takes to set up the system, post the questions, wait for the responses and review the responses. So make sure you leave enough of those for each question. So, reviewing slides is incredibly important. Don't be afraid to edit with a heavy hand and you don't think you want to discuss something. It shouldn't be on your slides. The most important thing I think is run spell check. You want to avoid distractions and typos are a distraction and the learners going to walk away with remembering your typo and not necessarily the important point you had on your slide. Planning your delivery. So, when I unfortunately, when I went through cardiology and interventional training, it was during cobit and so conferences were few and far between. So, in recent years, I've made it a priority to attend national, international meetings, partly for the education, probably for networking, but also a good part of it's just to kind of catch up with my friends and old cofellows and so I've had a lot of takeaways from the last couple of years. And so I've had a lot of takeaways from watching other presenters at conferences, and the biggest takeaway that I have is that you should know your slides well enough. So you can present them with your eyes closed. You should focus on telling the story of your presentation, rather than reading the slides verbatim. The slides are there to supplement your discussion. Other things are making sure you're enunciating key facts, using vocal intonation and speaking without verbal filters, like, like, and things like that. And so also, I suffer a lot from imposter syndrome and still do to some extent now. So, when I was asked to present at sky or other conferences, I'm always so I'm speaking to people who know more about the topic than me. And so I don't want to misspeak or forget something. So I always stick to my slides, but again, people aren't there to watch you read your slides. I found that people who are most comfortable at the podium are those who 1, yes, do know the subject of their talk, but to deliver their talk with confidence and make it as natural as possible. Finally, your talk does not end with your last slide. You should expect some challenging questions. So, you always want to thank the person who's asking your question. Sometimes it's best to repeat the question to give yourself some extra time to come up with the answer, or don't be afraid to ask them to repeat the question to make sure you understand. You never want to show that you're afraid or nervous or defensive and just answer to the best of your ability or pivot of something that you do now. Here's a few takeaway points for everybody. I hope this allowed you the importance of creating learning objectives and using them to develop the outline of your talk. Knowing your audience, he point is less as more utilize graphics, interactive tools to keep your audience engaged. Always remember, you should spend enough time reviewing your slides and practice your delivery as well as preparing for questions from your audience. I'll stop there. Thanks. Everybody. Thank you, Dr. Raj. That was a great presentation. You know, I just have a quick question for you before we go on to the next presentation. So, when we talk about questions from the audience, do you typically recommend the questions be asked at that point of time, or perhaps a pre-survey and post-survey? How do you recommend these questions be posed to the audiences? Yeah, do you mean, like, an interactive tool type of questions? Yeah, so I think there's multiple ways to do it. I think 1 would be pre and post. I think that'd be great. It also could be an opportunity to show how much you've taught the audience and whether you've delivered in an appropriate way that they're, they've learned something from your talk. I think, you know, in the middle or in random spots of your talk, it's also great just to kind of change up the speed of your talk and the interaction between you and the audience. But again, I think you have to find the right place to do it and the right questions to ask the audience. That is actually very true. Thank you for answering that. Typically, you know, if you do, like, a poll before and after the presentation, when you see the graphs changing, that sometimes tells you right away if the talk has made the impact and you have touched on the point. Some really great learning tips. Thank you, Dr. Raj.

presentation tips

learning objectives

audience understanding

interactive tools

audience engagement